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Zeitoun Rhetorical Essay - 1440 Words

Cortnie Schierman Fijacko English 111 5 October 2012 Rough Draft: Rhetorical Analysis Essay David Eggers, in Zeitoun, shows a story of a Muslim American family living through many challenges. After 9/11 Muslim families, like the Zeitouns, face many problems living in America. Eggers wants to inform other Americans on the situation of Muslim living in the United States, present day. People who are uneducated about the Muslim religion need to be informed on how similar lives are of other people all around the United States. These people throw out stereotypes and aim judgments wrongly at the Zeitoun family. Unjust treatment of the Zeitoun family is a cause of assuming and stereotypes. In this biography, Eggers helps inform his readers about†¦show more content†¦There are many examples of pathos in Zeitoun because Eggers uses a lot of charged language, stories, and objects that create an emotion in the readers. There is less of the logical appeal, logos, in Zeitoun but Eggers does present it. Using cause and effect, comparisons, and statistics, Eggers supports his argument through this logical appeal. An example of cause and effect would be the 9/11 example. Since this tragedy happen, many more stereotypes were brought upon Muslims, especially those living in America. After 9/11, Zeitoun found it more difficult to live in New Orleans. The cause was 9/11 and the effect was how the Muslim Americans were treated after the happening. Eggers also makes comparisons between the Muslim religion and the Christian view. These facts appeal to the reader’s intelligence and could also build upon their education of each religion. When Kathy is converting, Eggers states the similarities of each religion; â€Å"At first she was simply intrigued by the basic things she didn’t know, and the many things she’d wrongly presumed. She had no idea, for instance, that the Qur’an was fi lled with the same people as the Bible—(Eggers, 61).† Eggers goes on to compare Christianity to the Muslim faith, and points out that there are many different types of Muslims just like there are many types of Christians. Along with comparisons, the book has many statistics referencing to the hurricane. An example would be, by date, the death toll when Kathy is waiting

Second Foundation 1. Two Men and the Mule Free Essays

string(86) " had thrown the Mule back from his policy of limitless expansion into static caution\." THE MULE – It was after the fall of the First Foundation that the constructive aspects of the Mule’s regime took shape. After the definite break-up at the first Galactic Empire, it was he who first presented history with a unified volume at space truly imperial in scope. The earlier commercial empire at the fallen Foundation had been diverse and loosely knit, despite the impalpable backing at the predictions of psycho-history. We will write a custom essay sample on Second Foundation 1. Two Men and the Mule or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was not to be compared with the tightly controlled ‘Union of Worlds’ under the Mule, comprising as it did, one-tenth the volume of the Galaxy and one-fifteenth of its population. Particularly during the era of the so-called Search†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica [1] There is much more that the Encyclopedia has to say on the subject of the Mule and his Empire but almost all of it is not germane to the issue at immediate hand, and most of it is considerably too dry for our purposes in any case. Mainly, the article concerns itself at this point with the economic conditions that led to the rise of the â€Å"First Citizen of the Union† – the Mule’s official title – and with the economic consequences thereof. If, at any time, the writer of the article is mildly astonished at the colossal haste with which the Mule rose from nothing to vast dominion in five years, he conceals it. If he is further surprised at the sudden cessation of expansion in favor of a five-year consolidation of territory, he hides the fact. We therefore abandon the Encyclopedia and continue on our own path for our own purposes and take up the history of the Great Interregnum – between the First and Second Galactic Empires – at the end of that five years of consolidation. Politically, the Union is quiet. Economically, it is prosperous. Few would care to exchange the peace of the Mule’s steady grip for the chaos that had preceded, On the worlds that five years previously had known the Foundation, there might be a nostalgic regret, but no more. The Foundation’s leaders were dead, where useless; and Converted, where useful. And of the Converted, the most useful was Han Pritcher, now lieutenant general. In the days of the Foundation, Han Pritcher had been a captain and a member of the underground Democratic Opposition. When the Foundation fell to the Mule without a fight, Pritcher fought the Mule. Until, that is, he was Converted. The Conversion was not the ordinary one brought on by the power of superior reason. Han Pritcher know that well enough. He had been changed because the Mule was a mutant with mental powers quite capable of adjusting the conditions of ordinary humans to suit himself. But that satisfied him completely. That was as it should be. The very contentment with the Conversion was a prime symptom of it, but Han Pritcher was no longer even curious about the matter. And now that he was returning from his fifth major expedition into the boundlessness of the Galaxy outside the Union, it was with something approaching artless joy that the veteran spaceman and Intelligence agent considered his approaching audience with the â€Å"First Citizen.† His hard face, gouged out of a dark, grainless wood that did not seem to be capable of smiling without cracking, didn’t show it – but the outward indications were unnecessary. The Mule could see the emotions within, down to the smallest, much as an ordinary man could see the twitch of an eyebrow. Pritcher left his air car at the old vice-regal hangars and entered the palace grounds on foot as was required. He walked one mile along the arrowed highway – which was empty and silent. Pritcher knew that over the square miles of Palace grounds, there was not one guard, not one soldier, not one armed man. The Mule had need of no protection. The Mule was his own best, all-powerful protector. Pritcher’s footsteps beat softly in his own cars, as the palace reared its gleaming, incredibly light and incredibly strong metallic walls before him in the daring, overblown, near-hectic arches that characterized the architecture of the Late Empire. It brooded strongly over the empty grounds, over the crowded city on the horizon. Within the palace was that one man – by himself – on whose inhuman mental attributes depended the new aristocracy, and the whole structure of the Union. The huge, smooth door swung massively open at the general’s approach, and he entered. He stepped on to the wide, sweeping ramp that moved upward under him. He rose swiftly in the noiseless elevator. He stood before the small plain door of the Mule’s own room in the highest glitter of the palace spires. It opened- Bail Channis was young, and Bail Channis was Unconverted. That is, in plainer language, his emotional make-up had been unadjusted by the Mule. It remained exactly as it had been formed by the original shape of its heredity and the subsequent modifications of his environment. And that satisfied him, too. At not quite thirty, he was in marvelously good odor in the capital. He was handsome and quick-witted – therefore successful in society. He was intelligent and self-possessed – therefore successful with the Mule. And he was thoroughly pleased at both successes. And now, for the first time, the Mule had summoned him to personal audience. His legs carried him down the long, glittering highway that led tautly to the sponge-aluminum spires that had been once the residence of the viceroy of Kalgan, who ruled under the old emperors; and that had been later the residence of the independent Princes of Kalgan, who ruled in their own name; and that was now the residence of the First Citizen of the Union, who ruled over an empire of his own. Channis hummed softly to himself. He did not doubt what this was all about. The Second Foundation, naturally! That all-embracing bogey, the mere consideration of which had thrown the Mule back from his policy of limitless expansion into static caution. You read "Second Foundation 1. Two Men and the Mule" in category "Essay examples" The official term was – â€Å"consolidation.† Now there were rumors – you couldn’t stop rumors. The Mule was to begin the offensive once more. The Mule had discovered the whereabouts of the Second Foundation, and would attack The Mule had come to an agreement with the Second Foundation and divided the Galaxy. The Mule had decided the Second Foundation did not exist and would take over all the Galaxy. No use listing all the varieties one heard in the anterooms. It was not even the first time such rumors had circulated. But now they seemed to have more body in them, and all the free, expansive Souls Who** thrived on war, military adventure, and political chaos and withered in times of stability and stagnant peace were joyful. Bail Channis was one of these. He did not fear the mysterious Second Foundation. For that matter, he did not fear the Mule, and boasted of it. Some, perhaps, who disapproved of one at once so young and so well-off, waited darkly for the reckoning with the gay ladies’ man who employed his wit openly at the expense of the Mule’s physical appearance and sequestered life. None dared join him and few dared laugh, but when nothing happened to him, his reputation rose accordingly. Channis was improvising words to the tune he was humming. Nonsense words with the recurrent refrain: â€Å"Second Foundation threatens the Nation and all of Creation.† He was at the palace. The huge, smooth door swung massively open at his approach and he entered. He stepped on to the wide, sweeping ramp that moved upward under him. He rose swiftly in the noiseless elevator. He stood before the small plain door of the Mule’s own room in the highest glitter of the palace spires. It opened- The man who had no name other than the Mule, and no title other than First Citizen looked out through the one-way transparency of the wall to the light and lofty city on the horizon. In the darkening twilight, the stars were emerging, and not one but owed allegiance to him. He smiled with fleeting bitterness at the thought. The allegiance they owed was to a personality few had ever seen. He was not a man to look at, the Mule – not a man to look at without derision. Not more than one hundred and twenty pounds was stretched out into his five-foot-eight length. His limbs were bony stalks that jutted out of his scrawniness in graceless angularity. And his thin face was nearly drowned out in the prominence of a fleshy beak that thrust three inches outward. Only his eyes played false with the general farce that was the Mule. In their softness – a strange softness for the Galaxy’s greatest conqueror – sadness was never entirely subdued. In the city was to be found all the gaiety of a luxurious capital on a luxurious world. He might have established his capital on the Foundation, the strongest of his now-conquered enemies, but it was far out on the very rim of the Galaxy. Kalgan, more centrally located, with a long tradition as aristocracy’s playground, suited him better – strategically. But in its traditional gaiety, enhanced by unheard-of prosperity, he found no peace. They feared him and obeyed him and, perhaps, even respected him – from a goodly distance. But who could look at him without contempt? Only those he had Converted. And of what value was their artificial loyalty? It lacked flavor. He might have adopted titles, and enforced ritual and invented elaborations, but even that would have changed nothing. Better – or at least, no worse – to be simply the First Citizen – and to hide himself. There was a sudden surge of rebellion within him – strong and brutal. Not a portion of the Galaxy must be denied him, For five years he had remained silent and buried here on Kalgan because of the eternal, misty, space-ridden menace of the unseen, unheard, unknown Second Foundation. He was thirty-two. Not old – but he felt old. His body, whatever its mutant mental powers, was physically weak. Every star! Every star he could see – and every star he couldnt see. It must all be his! Revenge on all. On a humanity of which he wasn’t a part. On a Galaxy in which he didn’t fit. The cool, overhead warning light flickered. He could follow the progress of the man who had entered the palace, and simultaneously, as though his mutant sense had been enhanced and sensitized in the lonely twilight, he felt the wash of emotional content touch the fibers of his brain. He recognized the identity without an effort. It was Pritcher. Captain Pritcher of the one-time Foundation. The Captain Pritcher who had been ignored and passed over by the bureaucrats of that decaying government. The Captain Pritcher whose job as petty spy he had wiped out and whom he had lifted from its slime. The Captain Pritcher whom he had made first colonel and then general; whose scope of activity he had made Galaxywide. The now-General Pritcher who was, iron rebel though he began, completely loyal. And yet with all that, not loyal because of benefits gained, not loyal out of gratitude, not loyal as a fair return – but loyal only through the artifice of Conversion. The Mule was conscious of that strong unalterable surface layer of loyalty and love that colored every swirl and eddy of the emotionality of Han Pritcher – the layer he had himself implanted five years before. Far underneath there were the original traces of stubborn individuality, impatience of rule, idealism – but even he, himself, could scarcely detect them any longer. The door behind him opened, and he turned. The transparency of the wall faded to opacity, and the purple evening light gave way to the whitely blazing glow of atomic power. Han Pritcher took the seat indicated. There was neither bowing, nor kneeling nor the use of honorifics in private audiences with the Mule. The Mule was merely â€Å"First Citizen.† He was addressed as â€Å"sir.† You sat in his presence, and you could turn your back on him if it so happened that you did. To Han Pritcher this was all evidence of the sure and confident power of the man. He was warmly satisfied with it. The Mule said: â€Å"Your final report reached me yesterday. I can’t deny that I find it somewhat depressing, Pritcher.† The general’s eyebrows closed upon each other: â€Å"Yes, I imagine so – but I don’t see to what other conclusions I could have come. There just isn’t any Second Foundation, sir.† Arid the Mule considered and then slowly shook his head, as he had done many a time before: â€Å"There’s the evidence of Ebling Mis. There is always the evidence of Ebling Mis.† It was not a new story. Pritcher said without qualification: â€Å"Mis may have been the greatest psychologist of the Foundation, but he was a baby compared to Hari Seldon. At the time he was investigating Seldon’s works, he was under the artificial stimulation of your own brain control. You may have pushed him too far. He might have been wrong. Sir, he must have been wrong.† The Mule sighed, his lugubrious face thrust forward on its thin stalk of a neck. â€Å"If only he had lived another minute. He was on the point of telling me where the Second Foundation was. He knew, I’m telling you. I need not have retreated. I need not have waited and waited. So much time lost. Five years gone for nothing.† Pritcher could not have been censorious over the weak longing of his ruler; his controlled mental make-up forbade that. He was disturbed instead; vaguely uneasy. He said: â€Å"But what alternative explanation can there possibly be, sir? Five times I’ve gone out. You yourself have plotted the routes. And I’ve left no asteroid unturned. It was three hundred years ago that Hari Seldon of the old Empire supposedly established two Foundations to act as nuclei of a new Empire to replace the dying old one. One hundred years after Seldon, the First Foundation – the one we know so well – was known through all the Periphery. One hundred fifty years after Seldon – at the time of the last battle with the old Empire – it was known throughout the Galaxy. And now it’s three hundred years – and where should this mysterious Second be? In no eddy of the Galactic stream has it been heard of.† â€Å"Ebling Mis said it kept itself secret. Only secrecy can turn its weakness to strength.† â€Å"Secrecy as deep as this is past possibility without nonexistence as well.† The Mule looked up, large eyes sharp and wary. â€Å"No. It does exist.† A bony finger pointed sharply. â€Å"There is going to be a slight change in tactics.† Pritcher frowned. â€Å"You plan to leave yourself? I would scarcely advise it.† â€Å"No, of course not. You will have to go out once again – one last time. But with another in joint command.† There was a silence, and Pritcher’s voice was hard, â€Å"Who, Sir?† â€Å"There’s a young man here in Kalgan. Bail Channis.† â€Å"I’ve never heard of him, Sir.† â€Å"No, I imagine not. But he’s got an agile mind, he’s ambitious – and he’s not Converted.† Pritcher’s long jaw trembled for a bare instant, â€Å"I fail to see the advantage in that.† â€Å"There is one, Pritcher. You’re a resourceful and experienced man. You have given me good service. But you are Converted. Your motivation is simply an enforced and helpless loyalty to myself. When you lost your native motivations, you lost something, some subtle drive, that I cannot possibly replace.† â€Å"I don’t feel that, Sir,† said Pritcher grimly. â€Å"I recall myself quite well as I was in the days when I was an enemy of yours. I feel none the inferior.† â€Å"Naturally not,† and the Mule’s mouth twitched into a smile. â€Å"Your judgment in this matter is scarcely objective. This Channis, now, is ambitious – for himself. He is completely trustworthy – out of no loyalty but to himself. He knows that it is on my coattails that he rides and he would do anything to increase my power that the ride might be long and far and that the destination might be glorious. If he goes with you, there is just that added push behind his seeking – that push for himself.’ â€Å"Then,† said Pritcher. still insistent, â€Å"why not remove my own Conversion, if you think that will improve me. I can scarcely be mistrusted, now.† â€Å"That never, Pritcher. While you are within arm’s reach, or blaster reach, of myself, you will remain firmly held in Conversion. If I were to release you this minute, I would be dead the next.† The general’s nostrils flared. â€Å"I am hurt that you should think so.† â€Å"I don’t mean to hurt you, but it is impossible for you to realize what your feelings would be if free to form themselves along the lines of your natural motivation. The human mind resents control. The ordinary human hypnotist cannot hypnotize a person against his will for that reason. I can, because I’m not a hypnotist, and, believe me, Pritcher, the resentment that you cannot show and do not even know you possess is something I wouldn’t want to face.† Pritcher’s head bowed. Futility wrenched him and left him gray and haggard inside. He said with an effort, â€Å"But how can you trust this man. I mean, completely – as you can trust me in my Conversion.† â€Å"Well, I suppose I can’t entirely. That is why you must go with him. You see, Pritcher,† and the Mule buried himself in the large armchair against the soft back of which he looked like an angularly animated toothpick, â€Å"if he should stumble on the Second Foundation – if it should occur to him that an arrangement with them might be more profitable than with me – You understand?† A profoundly satisfied light blazed in Pritcher’s eyes. â€Å"That is better, Sir.† â€Å"Exactly. But remember, he must have a free rein as far as possible.† â€Å"Certainly.† â€Å"And†¦ uh†¦ Pritcher. The young man is handsome, pleasant and extremely charming. Don’t let him fool you. He’s a dangerous and unscrupulous character. Don’t get in his way unless you’re prepared to meet him properly. That’s all.† The Mule was alone again. He let the lights die and the wall before him kicked to transparency again. The sky was purple now, and the city was a smudge of light on the horizon. What was it all for? And if he were the master of all there was – what then? Would it really stop men like Pritcher. from being straight and tall, self-confident, strong? Would Bail Channis lose his looks? Would he himself be other than he was? He cursed his doubts. What was he really after? The cool, overhead warning light flickered. He could follow the progress of the man who had entered the palace and, almost against his will, he felt the soft wash of emotional content touch the fibers of his brain. He recognized the identity without an effort. It was Channis. Here the Mule saw no uniformity, but the primitive diversity of a strong mind, untouched and unmolded except by the manifold disorganizations of the Universe. It writhed in floods and waves. There was caution on the surface, a thin, smoothing effect, but with touches of cynical ribaldry in the hidden eddies of it. And underneath there was the strong flow of self-interest and self-love, with a gush of cruel humor here and there, and a deep, still pool of ambition underlying all. The Mule felt that he could reach out and dam the current, wrench the pool from its basin and turn it in another course, dry up one flow and begin another. But what of it? If he could bend Channis’ curly head in the profoundest adoration, would that change his own grotesquerie that made him shun the day and love the night, that made him a recluse inside an empire that was unconditionally big? The door behind him opened, and he turned. The transparency of the wall faded to opacity, and the darkness gave way to the whitely blazing artifice of atomic power. Bail Channis sat down lightly and said: â€Å"This is a not-quite-unexpected honor, sir.† The Mule rubbed his proboscis with all four fingers at once and sounded a bit irritable in his response. â€Å"Why so, young man?† â€Å"A hunch, I suppose. Unless I want to admit that I’ve been listening to rumors.† â€Å"Rumors? Which one of the several dozen varieties are you referring to?† â€Å"Those that say a renewal of the Galactic Offensive is being planned. It is a hope with me that such is true and that I might play an appropriate part.† â€Å"Then you think there is a Second Foundation?† â€Å"Why not? It would make things so much more interesting.† â€Å"And you find interest in it as well?† â€Å"Certainly. In the very mystery of it! What better subject could you find for conjecture? The newspaper supplements are full of nothing else lately – which is probably significant. The Cosmos had one of its feature writers compose a weirdie about a world consisting of beings of pure mind – the Second Foundation, you see – who had developed mental force to energies large enough to compete with any known to physical science. Spaceships could be blasted light-years away, planets could be turned out of their orbits-â€Å" â€Å"Interesting. Yes. But do you have any notions on the subject? Do you subscribe to this mind-power notion?’ â€Å"Galaxy, no! Do you think creatures like that would stay on their own planet? No, sir. I think the Second Foundation remains hidden because it is weaker than we think.† â€Å"In that case, I can explain myself very easily. How would you like to head an expedition to locate the Second Foundation?† For a moment Channis seemed caught up by the sudden rush of events at just a little greater speed than he was prepared for. His tongue had apparently skidded to a halt in a lengthening silence. The Mule said dryly: â€Å"Well?† Channis corrugated his forehead. â€Å"Certainly. But where am I to go? Have you any information available?† â€Å"General Pritcher will be with you-â€Å" â€Å"Then I’m not to head it?† â€Å"Judge for yourself when I’m done. Listen, you’re not of the Foundation. You’re a native of Kalgan, aren’t you? Yes. Well, then, your knowledge of the Seldon plan may be vague. When the first Galactic Empire was falling, Hari Seldon and a group of psychohistorians, analyzing the future course of history by mathematical tools no longer available in these degenerate times, set up two Foundations, one at each end of the Galaxy, in such a way that the economic and sociological forces that were slowly evolving, would make them serve as foci for the Second Empire. Hari Seldon planned on a thousand years to accomplish that – and it would have taken thirty thousand without the Foundations. But he couldn’t count on me. I am a mutant and I am unpredictable by psychohistory which can only deal with the average reactions of numbers. Do you understand?† â€Å"Perfectly, sir. But how does that involve me?’ â€Å"You’ll understand shortly. I intend to unite the Galaxy now – and reach Seldon’s thousand-year goal in three hundred. One Foundation – the world of physical scientists – is still flourishing, under me. Under the prosperity and order of the Union, the atomic weapons they have developed are capable of dealing with anything in the Galaxy – except perhaps the Second Foundation. So I must know more about it. General Pritcher is of the definite opinion that it does not exist at all. I know otherwise.† Channis said delicately: â€Å"How do you know, sir?† And the Mule’s words were suddenly liquid indignation: â€Å"Because minds under my control have been interfered with. Delicately! Subtly! But not so subtly that I couldn’t notice. And these interferences are increasing, and hitting valuable men at important times. Do you wonder now that a certain discretion has kept me motionless these years? â€Å"That is your importance. General Pritcher is the best man left me, so he is no longer safe. Of course, he does not know that. But you are Unconverted and therefore not instantly detectable as a Mule’s man. You may fool the Second Foundation longer than one of my own men would – perhaps just sufficiently longer. Do you understand?† â€Å"Um-m-m. Yes. But pardon me, sir, if I question you. How are these men of yours disturbed, so that I might detect change in General Pritcher, in case any occurs. Are they Unconverted again? Do they become disloyal?† â€Å"No. I told you it was subtle. It’s more disturbing than that, because its harder to detect and sometimes I have to wait before acting, uncertain whether a key man is being normally erratic or has been tampered with. Their loyalty is left intact, but initiative and ingenuity are rubbed out. I’m left with a perfectly normal person, apparently, but one completely useless. In the last year, six have been so treated. Six of my best.† A corner of his mouth lifted. â€Å"They’re in charge of training bases now – and my most earnest wishes go with them that no emergencies come up for them to decide upon.† â€Å"Suppose, sir†¦ suppose it were not the Second Foundation. What if it were another, such as yourself – another mutant?† â€Å"The planning is too careful, too long range. A single man would be in a greater hurry. No, it is a world, and you are to be my weapon against it.† Channis’ eyes shone as he said: â€Å"I’m delighted at the chance.† But the Mule caught the sudden emotional upwelling. He said: â€Å"Yes, apparently it occurs to you, that you will perform a unique service, worthy of a unique reward – perhaps even that of being my successor. Quite so. But there are unique punishments, too, you know. My emotional gymnastics are not confined to the creation of loyalty alone.† And the little smile on his thin lips was grim, as Channis leaped out of his seat in horror. For just an instant, just one, flashing instant, Channis had felt the pang of an overwhelming grief close over him. It had slammed down with a physical pain that had blackened his mind unbearably, and then lifted. Now nothing was left but the strong wash of anger. The Mule said: â€Å"Anger won’t help†¦ yes, you’re covering it up now, aren’t you? But I can see it. So just remember – that sort of business can be made more intense and kept up. I’ve killed men by emotional control, and there’s no death crueler.† He paused: â€Å"That’s all!† The Mule was alone again. He let the lights die and the wall before him kicked to transparency again. The sky was black, and the rising body of the Galactic Lens was spreading its bespanglement across the velvet depths of space. All that haze of nebula was a mass of stars so numerous that they melted one into the other and left nothing but a cloud of light. And all to be his- And now but one last arrangement to make, and he could sleep. First Interlude The Executive Council of the Second Foundation was in session. To us they are merely voices. Neither the exact scene of the meeting nor the identity of those present are essential at the point. Nor, strictly speaking, can we even consider an exact reproduction of any part of the session – unless we wish to sacrifice completely even the minimum comprehensibility we have a right to expect. We deal here with psychologists – and not merely psychologists. Let us say, rather, scientists with a psychological orientation. That is, men whose fundamental conception of scientific philosophy is pointed in an entirely different direction from all of the orientations we know. The â€Å"psychology† of scientists brought up among the axioms deduced from the observational habits of physical science has only the vaguest relationship to PSYCHOLOGY. Which is about as far as I can go in explaining color to a blind man – with myself as blind as the audience. The point being made is that the minds assembled understood thoroughly the workings of each other, not only by general theory but by the specific application over a long period of these theories to particular individuals. Speech as known to us was unnecessary. A fragment of a sentence amounted almost to long-winded redundancy. A gesture, a grunt, the curve of a facial line – even a significantly timed pause yielded informational juice. The liberty is taken, therefore, of freely translating a small portion of the conference into the extremely specific word-combinations necessary to minds oriented from childhood to a physical science philosophy, even at the risk of losing the more delicate nuances. There was one â€Å"voice† predominant, and that belonged to the individual known simply as the First Speaker. He said: â€Å"It is apparently quite definite now as to what stopped the Mule in his first mad rush. I can’t say that the matter reflects credit upon†¦ well, upon the organization of the situation. Apparently, he almost located us, by means of the artificially heightened brain-energy of what they call a ‘psychologist’ on the First Foundation. This psychologist was killed just before he could communicate his discovery to the Mule. The events leading to that killing were completely fortuitous for all calculations below Phase Three. Suppose you take over.† It was the Fifth Speaker who was indicated by an inflection of the voice. He said, in grim nuances: â€Å"It is certain that the situation was mishandled. We are, of course, highly vulnerable under mass attack, particularly an attack led by such a mental phenomenon as the Mule. Shortly after he first achieved Galactic eminence with the conquest of the First Foundation, half a year after to be exact, he was on Trantor. Within another half year he would have been here and the odds would have been stupendously against us – 96.3 plus or minus 0.05% to be exact. We have spent considerable time analyzing the forces that stopped him. We know, of course, what was driving him on so in the first place. The internal ramifications of his physical deformity and mental uniqueness are obvious to all of us. However, it was only through penetration to Phase Three that we could determine – after the fact – tbe possibility of his anomalous action in the presence of another human b eing who had an honest affection for him. â€Å"And since such an anomalous action would depend upon the presence of such another human being at the appropriate time, to that extent the whole affair was fortuitous. Our agents are certain that it was a girl that killed the Mule’s psychologist – a girl for whom the Mule felt trust out of sentiment, and whom he, therefore, did not control mentally – simply because she liked him. â€Å"Since that event – and for those who want the details, a mathematical treatment of the subject has been drawn up for the Central Library – which warned us, we have held the Mule off by unorthodox methods with which we daily risk SeIdon’s entire scheme of history. That is all.† The First Speaker paused an instant to allow the individuals assembled to absorb the full implications. He said: â€Å"The situation is then highly unstable. With Seldon’s original scheme bent to the fracture point – and I must emphasize that we have blundered badly in this whole matter, in our horrible lack of foresight – we are faced with an irreversible breakdown of the Plan. Time is passing us by. I think there is only one solution left us – and even that is risky. â€Å"We must allow the Mule to find us – in a sense.† Another pause, in which he gathered the reactions, then: â€Å"I repeat – in a sense!† How to cite Second Foundation 1. Two Men and the Mule, Essay examples

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Question: Discuss about the Disney Film Adaptation Cinderella. Answer: The story of Cinderella evolved out of a folklore originally made popular by oral story-telling practices (Pickard, 2013). The original creator of the story is unknown, as is the original manuscript. Before Perrault formally gave the story a fairy-tale form in the 17th century, the story had had already evolved and been improvised on by many different storytellers over the time. Disney took the story for interpretation and adaptation into an animated movie, in the year 1950. Though the basic morals were similar in both the book and the film, they also shared some significant differences, based on the socio-cultural context of the society. The most essential difference between the fairy-tale version by Perrault and Disneys animated film, lies in the difference in socio-cultural background of the contemporary society, who also served as the target audience in both the cases. Perraults Cinderella was first published in 1697 in France, based on the folklore commonly known as the Glass Slipper or The Donkeyskin. On the other hand, Walt Disneys Cinderella was first featured in the theatres on 1950 in America. Consequently, the two versions have different sectors of audience as their target and have different messages to impart to their audiences through the story of Cinderella. Charles Perraults Cinderella is significantly different from the Disney film version of Cinderella based on the portrayal of male characters and absence of dominant male characteristics. Unlike the Disney version, Perraults Cinderellas father was alive and essentially dominated by his second wifeCinderellas stepmother. On the other hand, in Disneys version of Cinderella, the absence of a dominant male figure is replaced by incorporating the masculine traits of power and control into the character of the stepmother, while declaring the biological father deceased. Perraults version of the story explored deeper contexts of oedipal psychology, when Cinderellas father, the king, ends up as her suitor after her mothers death. As Walt Disneys chief aim was to catch the attention of the children and contemporary society, he deliberately omitted sections from Perraults version and modified in his own terms to avoid controversies revolving around the politics of his work. Walt Disneys Cinderella omits the actions of violence inflicted on Cinderella by the stepmother and stepsisters. Instead, he tactfully makes them ridicule and bully her, without the using physical action of aggression. As opposed to that, (Perrault, 2015) version of Cinderella incorporates vivid descriptions of physical mutilation and acts of violence and torture, mostly inflicted by the stepmother and the stepsisters on Cinderella. Keeping in mind his target audience, Disney deleted the scenes where violence was inflicted upon children by their parents or guardians; his motive was to attract children and their parents and making sure that the parents would allow their children to watch this film (Chan, 2013). Any theme that instigated conflict in ideas or controversial arguments were deliberately excluded by Disney, in order to win the support and approval of the middle and upper class, white Americans, who were the main consumers of his work. A strong point of similarity shared between the two versions is the point of morality. Both the versions of the folklore essentially emphasize on the victory of the morally good as opposed to the defeat of the evil. Both the versions of Cinderella are crafted in a way to stress on the victory of Cinderella as the victory of good over evil, where the wicked stepmother and stepsisters mirrored evil. It preaches the moral that one who does good even in the darkest hours, is rewarded for it in the best time of necessity. Similarly, the evil forces in the story end up being defeatedlosing their dignity, pride and support of the audience. The concept of good-evil binary and goods victory over evil comes back as a motif, throughout the story of both the versions. However, looking at the story of Cinderella in light of modern or contemporary consciousness exposes several sexist, misogynist and derogatory attitudes towards women in general. Based on the common oral folklore Perraults Cendrillion was written in around 1697 and naturally represented the normative attitude of the contemporary society towards women. Several years of feminist struggles, sensitization and awareness campaigns have constantly changed this attitude from a male-dominate approach to a more feminist approach. Therefore, for the modern audience the story of Cinderella and her niceness, even in the face of abuse and violence, reiterates disempowerment of women as a whole. It glorifies the powerlessness of a woman and discourages them from standing up for themselves (Maity, 2014). However, the narrative exploring the rags-to-riches journey has always been exceptionally attractive for middle class white Americans, which is why Disneys Cinderella gained much popularity and appr eciation. To conclude, Cinderella has been a relevant folklore, even today, due to its varied versions and adaptations in books and movies. Each version of Cinderella mirrors the contemporary thoughts and social understanding of the people, in relation to the specific time-period and socio-political structure. Even though Disneys version of Cinderella omits controversial areas of violence, it also reduces the essence of reality. Perraults Cinderella originally came with attached morals at the end of the story References Chan, K. (2013). Children and consumer culture. Maity, N. (2014). Damsels in Distress: A Textual Analysis of Gender roles in Disney Princess Films.IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science IOSRJHSS,19(10), 28-31. Perrault, C. (2015).Cinderella or The Little Glass Slipper. " "" """. Pickard, A. (2013). The supremacy of story: traditional tales and storytelling. InPlanning Creative Literacy Lessons(pp. 140-158). David Fulton Publishers.

James Heavey Marketing Strategy Assignment 1 Essay Example

James Heavey Marketing Strategy Assignment 1Â   Essay As the market environment changes, managers have to adapt their strategies and organisation. Unless these changes are made, the business will no longer fit the needs of the moment it will be made obsolete by changes in customer wants, new technologies and new competitors that have adapted more effectively (Doyle, 2002, pp. 405-406) Introduction: The marketing environment is a complex constellation of demands and constraints that a firm faces as it attempts to compete and grow. These can be both external and internal. The firm has the power to directly affect some but, by no means, all of the areas in the environment. Those areas beyond the firms control are constantly changing in various ways, it is the responsibility of the firm to take notice of and bring on board any successful changes or advances made in the industry. In the same way they need to identify problems affecting the industry as a whole and react accordingly to minimise negative effect. We will write a custom essay sample on James Heavey Marketing Strategy Assignment 1Â   specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on James Heavey Marketing Strategy Assignment 1Â   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on James Heavey Marketing Strategy Assignment 1Â   specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Consumer satisfaction is the ultimate goal of the marketing environment. Method: The marketing environment surrounds the consumer and the marketing mix. Consumers and businesses are affected by the forces of the marketing environment. Businesses must determine a marketing strategy, implemented through the aspects of the marketing mix, which aims to satisfy themselves and customers. According to Dibb, the marketing environment is the external forces that directly or indirectly influence an organisations acquisition of inputs and generation of outputs, comprising six categories of forces: Political/legal, Economic, Societal/green (environmental) and Technological. This is also known as the PEST Analysis. Inputs that are affected include personnel, financial resources, raw materials and information etc. The outputs identified by Dibb are information (e.g. advertisements), packages, goods, services and ideas. There are three key sections to the marketing environment, these are the micro environment, the macro environment and the internal environment. The micro marketing environment contains external forces that influence a firm directly. Micro forces include suppliers, competitors, marketing intermediaries, situation and company specific, buyers, the business internal environment and the companys publics. The main micro forces are: The business internal environment: The internal environment consists of top management, finance, research and development, purchasing, sales and marketing, manufacturing and logistics. All these departments must be taken into account when designing market strategies and marketing mix programmes. Marketers must be aware of organisational factors, monitor them and modify their actions accordingly to ensure internal commencement of their marketing ideas. Suppliers: Businesses should recognise the importance of suppliers as without them there would be no end product to sell to consumer. Marketers need to be aware of aspects of supply which might, directly or indirectly, affect the ability of the firm to deliver a quality product to the consumer. Aspects such as; supplier innovations, existing deals with competitors, supply shortages, delays, strikes, recruitment difficulties, legal actions, warranty disputes, supply costs and price trends, new entrants into supply chain, or any other aspect that may affect the natural transfer of goods from supplier to manufacturer. Marketing Intermediaries: These are made up of resellers retailers, wholesalers, agents, brokers dealers and physical distributors for logistical needs, providers of marketing services, and financial facilitators of credit lines and export guarantees. Without these intermediaries, a business is unlikely to be able to deliver its products as expected by consumers. Buyers: People tend to be more willing to buy when they have buying power. Buying power can be influenced by the products absolute price, its price relative to alternative products, brand image and quality, reliability. Other reasons why consumers willingness to spend may be affected are personal expectations about future employment, income levels, prices, family size and general economic conditions. If the responses to these factors are positive then buying will increase as people will obtain more disposable income. Alternatively, if the responses are negative then buying power will decrease. The macro environment consists of all the external factors that can influence a firm, but are beyond their direct control. The macro environment is the PEST analysis. Political/legal: Government policy can have a major impact on the operation of a business. For example, laws on competitive practices will influence the number of firms operating in an industry and therefore strength of the competition. Health and safety legislation will affect work practices and production costs. Marketing tactics will be limited by consumer legislation. The political environment is of particular relevance in countries where governments are unstable and therefore investment risks are high. Economic: Economic factors will influence the future potential profit of a business. The level of consumer demand is a key variable affecting the quantity of sales and the price at which output can be sold. Interest rates will determine the cost of finance to the company. Final profits will be taxed by the government. The economic cycle of recession and recovery is a big influence on the opportunities and threats to the firm. Societal/green: Consumers reflect changes in lifestyles over time. This means businesses must observe shifts in the characteristics and habits of the population. Especially where these influence segments of the existing market, e.g., as the UK population ages, new opportunities open up such as holidays aimed specifically at older people. Demographic variations may also represent a threat to companies, e.g., a fall in the birth rate would negatively affect the competitive position of Mothercare. Consumers and governments are becoming increasingly aware of the impact of business upon the environment. Organisations must now monitor their actions and consider their environmental implications. An issue of this kind can influence the corporate image of an organisation The resulting publicity can be devastating and could damage the effectiveness of the firms promotional activities. Technological: An external audit must monitor developments in technology. These can affect the production methods employed by the organisation, or the products/services offered for sale. A new manufacturing technique might make existing production too expensive for the business to remain profitable. A product may become obsolete because new technology has developed a more effective substitute. However, changes in technology also offer opportunities, such as the potential to break into new markets by producing a new, radically different, product offering. These factors are continuously changing so the firm must be sufficiently flexible to adapt to new conditions. The final environment is the internal environment. This is all the factors that are internal to the firm. The internal environment is of equal importance to the external when a firm is required to cope with change. The internal environment is also known as the marketing mix. The marketing mix is marketing tool. It is a checklist. The marketing mix focuses its attention on the various elements of marketing needed to carry out the marketing strategy and meet the needs of the customers. There are four parts to the marketing mix product, price, promotion and place. Product: Businesses must make sure their product is meeting the needs of their customers. This means paying close attention to a number of product features; how consumers will use the product, the appearance of the product, and financial factors (unless a product is deemed to be value for money it is unlikely to be purchased). Price: The pricing policy that a business chooses is often a reflection of the market at which it is aiming. Prices will not always be set at the level which will maximise sales or short run profits. There are three pricing strategies for the existing product, these are: Price leader the business will set the market price. Price taker the business will match the market price. Predator the business will undercut the market price. Promotion: There are a variety of promotional methods a firm can use including above the line promotions, such as TV advertising, and below the line promotions such as personal selling. A firm will choose a promotion method it feels is likely to be most effective in the market in which it operates. National television advertising will only be reserved for those products with a high sales turnover or wide appeal. Place: This refers to the means by which the product will be distributed to the consumer. The product must get to the right place at the right time. This means making decisions about the way in which the product will be physically distributed i.e., air, sea, rail or road. It also means taking into account how the product is sold. This could be by mail direct from the manufacturer or through retail outlets such as supermarkets. All these environmental factors in the marketing environment must be assessed and acted upon. Marketers can respond to environmental factors in two ways, either accept them as uncontrollable or confront and mould them as best they can to work with the product. If environmental forces are viewed as uncontrollable, the organisation remains passive and reactive towards the environment. The marketer will adjust marketing strategies to suit the environmental changes rather than vice versa. Alternatively, marketers who believe environmental forces can be shaped adopt a proactive approach. Once they identify what blocks a marketing opportunity, marketers can assess the power of the various parties involved and develop strategies to try to overcome these environmental forces. Results: The Marketing Environment Model: (from Marketing Concepts and Strategies Dibb, Simkin, Pride Ferrel, 2001) . In the Marketing Environment Model the nearer the environmental force is to the centre of the circle, the more directly it affects the consumer and their feelings towards the product British Airways and the Airline Industry: The airline industry has been rife with change ever since the New York terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001. The whole marketing environment has been affected so it seems a suitable and effective choice. Although British Airways is not an American airline it has still been greatly affected. The vast reduction of people travelling trans-Atlantic has meant a huge drop in revenue and, in turn, profits. Along with this factor, British Airways (or BA) has suffered the same fate of all airlines as public confidence in the safety of planes has dwindled leaving almost empty planes and cancelled flights. BA first had to review safety policies before tackling any other problems and it was vital they stayed in touch with the advances of their competitors as any bad press in the wake of such a terrible disaster could last long in the memory of the public. PEST Analysis for British Airways: Political/legal: Since 9/11, as it has since become known, the government brought in stricter policies for security at airports and new requirements on board aircraft, e.g. inaccessible cockpits. The amount of security personnel has been increased and luggage is now inspected more frequently and effectively. Passengers are also now checked twice for any hidden items. The government also introduced a partnership with industry to help restore passenger confidence in flying. Economical: The Stock Market entered a recession on 9/11 and trading had to be suspended for fear of total collapse. While recent economic indicators give evidence that we are emerging from the recession, the stock market is still declining. Concerns over questionable corporate ethics and accounting scandals have handcuffed the market. While the productivity and consumption numbers continue to improve slowly, stock prices continue to drop. While investors continue to wait for the proverbial next shoe to drop on the stock market, the economy remains at a standstill. In the months ahead, many believe we will see a slow recovery. While recent GDP numbers were favourable, there is an expectation for slower growth going forward. However, 9/11 is not believed to be the primary cause of the more recent stock market decline. The primary drivers in the market today are accounting scandals, questions over corporate ethics, and the war on terrorism in both Afghanistan and possibly now Iraq. Weak unemployment numbers are also making investors apprehensive and to a certain extent, these nerves can be tied to 9/11. BA has shown a steady increase in turnover since 9/11 and there are no reasons to believe this upsurge will not continue. It is obviously affected by the economy though and a few years of growth would be greatly appreciated by all those in the airline industry. Societal/green: In terms of society BA needs top reflect changes in its consumer lifestyles. Current needs when it comes to flying are primarily centred around safety. To be competitive in the current climate BA need to not only spend billions on improving safety aspects and regulations, but also spend a fortune on advertising to let the public know what they are doing and that BA are among the market leaders when it comes to aircraft safety. Winning the publics confidence is probably more effective now in gaining customers than at any other time in history, so this area needs particular attention to detail. Environmental issues are still of great importance even in the present climate. Issues such as air pollution studies, fuel studies, health studies and noise pollution studies are all high on the agenda of competitors so it is vital BA are seen to be equally concerned about preserving the future of our planet. These issues can require a substantial budget, but money recouped through new consumers, and loyalty from existing consumers, should make the initial outlay soon look like a profitable investment. Technological: It is important for the image of a market leader such as BA to keep up to date with the latest technology. They are expected to have the fastest, most efficient, planes, the comfiest seats and the best service if they are to sustain their present market share and relatively expensive prices. The extra money made on the price is expected to go towards the extensive cost of maintaining such standards. However, in the wake of 9/11, extra emphasis has been placed on obtaining technology to improve passenger safety. Bigger budgets have been allocated to the safety aspect as airlines aim to restore passenger confidence in their airline since the New York terrorist attacks. Recovery in the Travel and Tourism Industry The behaviour of the TBR (Travel Business Roundtable) over the September period provides considerable insight into the sensitivity of the travel and tourism industry to external shocks. When thinking about the industrys recovery, it is also helpful to examine the past. Following the 1990-91 national recession, it took approximately one additional year for the travel and tourism industry to recover. This may be explained in part by the fact that the rebound in consumer confidence followed a most uneven pattern, involving sharp up-down swings lasting until the end of 1993. Similarly today, weak consumer confidence coupled with the uncertainty of safety as well as economic uncertainty, indicates that the recovery for the industry may take even longer than expected. To that end, TBR continues to support an economic stimulus package that addresses the needs of the travel and tourism industry and advocates action that will encourage people to travel now. Conclusion As things currently stand in the industry, no airline has taken a significant lead in attracting consumers back. This may be to do with the fact many are still sceptical about flying. Every airline must be at its most responsive to new ideas and improvements, at least until the industry as a whole has drifted out from underneath the giant public magnifying glass that has hovered for the last fourteen months. The market environment shows us what forces affect a business. It identifies these forces as either micro environment, macro environment ( both are external factors), or the internal environment (the marketing mix). It also illustrates which forces affect the consumer more directly than others. The market environment is always changing and it is vital any organisation is able to keep up with these changes. Marketers need to identify which environmental factors can be moulded to suit marketing strategies but also which strategies need to be altered to fit in with those factors that can not be. Failure to keep up with these changes and show unresponsive behaviour to the market can often lead to a drop in sales and loss of market share. In theory a responsive business is a successful business.

Free Essays on What Inspired Me To Succeed (essay)

Through out my lifetime I have met many people who have inspired me and made me want to follow their footsteps. I have gone through situations where the decisions I made have greatly influenced the way I have carried out my lifestyle. However, none of these people or situations have enthused my desire to succeed like one particular experience. The summer after my freshman year in High School I obtained a part - time job in a jewelry store. When I was interviewed, the owner informed me that I was going to get hired to perform duties such as filing, creating invoices, and answering the phone .She also told me that I would assist the workers in the making of the jewelry and that sometime in the future I would get promoted and make jewelry as well. I was very excited and motivated because this job was going to give me the opportunity to earn extra money for the summer and give me the chance to develop my skills as well to obtain new ones. Unfortunately, everything was different once I started working. Right on my first week on the job I started to feel uncomfortable. I noticed that my boss was somehow taking advantage of me in many ways. In contrast to what I was hired for, I was working in a room preparing packages for delivery as well as running errands outside. Most of these errands consisted of going to other jewelry stores by myself to get jewelry and other materials needed for making them. This scared me because in a city like New York, it was very unsafe for a 14 year old to be carrying large amounts of jewelry in the streets by herself without some sort of protection. I worked from 9 in the morning till 6 in the afternoon with the exception of a lunch break. During my work hours I was prohibited from talking to my fellow workers and even using the phone. I was getting paid a low salary and our management didn’t even provide its employees with an air conditioner, which would have been appropriate for such a warm time of the... Free Essays on What Inspired Me To Succeed (essay) Free Essays on What Inspired Me To Succeed (essay) Through out my lifetime I have met many people who have inspired me and made me want to follow their footsteps. I have gone through situations where the decisions I made have greatly influenced the way I have carried out my lifestyle. However, none of these people or situations have enthused my desire to succeed like one particular experience. The summer after my freshman year in High School I obtained a part - time job in a jewelry store. When I was interviewed, the owner informed me that I was going to get hired to perform duties such as filing, creating invoices, and answering the phone .She also told me that I would assist the workers in the making of the jewelry and that sometime in the future I would get promoted and make jewelry as well. I was very excited and motivated because this job was going to give me the opportunity to earn extra money for the summer and give me the chance to develop my skills as well to obtain new ones. Unfortunately, everything was different once I started working. Right on my first week on the job I started to feel uncomfortable. I noticed that my boss was somehow taking advantage of me in many ways. In contrast to what I was hired for, I was working in a room preparing packages for delivery as well as running errands outside. Most of these errands consisted of going to other jewelry stores by myself to get jewelry and other materials needed for making them. This scared me because in a city like New York, it was very unsafe for a 14 year old to be carrying large amounts of jewelry in the streets by herself without some sort of protection. I worked from 9 in the morning till 6 in the afternoon with the exception of a lunch break. During my work hours I was prohibited from talking to my fellow workers and even using the phone. I was getting paid a low salary and our management didn’t even provide its employees with an air conditioner, which would have been appropriate for such a warm time of the...

Usage of ornaments and traditional aspects vs. Simplicity and no Essay

Usage of ornaments and traditional aspects vs. Simplicity and no ornaments - Essay Example Growing urban areas, especially in the rapidly developing cities, have become arenas of many contradictory forces associated with the growing of commercialism and consumption attitudes, architectural fashions and professional egoism, and many misconceptions regarding progress and modernization. Essentially, there is a potent discourse between building of simple and minimalist structures and doing away with the traditional aspects of architecture that lay emphasis on ornamental prowess. The big question is whether architecture, in its modern or traditional form, stands in harmony with the culture and environment (Trilling, 2001). Cities have thus become a symbol for the neglect of organic, cultural traditions and the destruction of the identity of places. Respect of traditions and factors specific to certain places is, however, of highest importance for a symbiotic development of the human environment relationship. As individual characteristics are different so it should be with cities, with urban planning. In the modern world, architecture has changed the values that it portrays. It reflects different set of values from the traditional local ones; buildings and space are symbols for economic and political power, importance and status, achievement and wealth, ours and theirs, poor and rich. The prerequisites are visibility and surprise; the creation of a distinct image in the observer’s mind for capturing his attention.... It is evident that ornamental architecture added to the visual appeal of architectural designs and also helped make people to easily relate to the buildings around them. However, the advent of modern architecture in the 1920s spelt death for the once popular ornamental architecture. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, it has been normal to assume that good design has to be plain and simple. Ornamentation was renounced because proponents of modern architecture believed that the decorative aspects of design were unnecessary and not cost effective (Loos, 1998) . The origins of modern architecture can be attributed to the social and political revolutions of that time. Advances in technology and engineering gave rise to new materials such as iron and steel which encourage minimalist design. The advent in modern architecture has given prominence to the concept of â€Å"internationalization†. In this regard, the design of buildings has become uniform regardless of the cultu ral background. This is evident considering that it has become a norm to have almost generic high rise block buildings in almost every city in the world. This paper seeks to analyze make a comparison between two architects. This is in respect to the traditional ornamental architecture and the modern non ornamental simple architectural design. It should be noted that architecture is an evolving discipline and thus modernity was bound to happen. However, the major issue is to evaluate the impacts of modern architecture and the how recent advances in architecture have shaped the society. The implications of discarding traditional ornamental architecture will also be evaluated. This is essential to assess the overall impact of

Creativity in young children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creativity in young children - Essay Example The active imaginings of young kids are exceedingly developed and regularly utilized within creativity. Imaginings comes to life as revolutions evolve within play. An early infantile classroom is supposed to encompass opportunities for kids to see and feel beautiful things to offer the inducement for artistic development. Philosophies and models can offer additional ways to comprehend creativity. For instance, the psychoanalytic theory asserts that creativity was the outcome of an involuntary battle between the sensual urges of the individual and the effects of the social principles (superego). Behavioral philosophers have confidence in the significance of support (reward) within scholarship responses to specific stimuli. The humanistic concept states that the creative individual is seen as a self-actualized being who utilizes her abilities to develop into a fully operational and psychologically healthy individual. The constructivist notion concentrates on the expansion of reasoning, and that people are active partakers in the creation of their individual knowledge. Additionally, the social constructivist philosophy is constructed on the conviction that knowledge is too composite to be studied within a vacuum. In its place, it is supposed to be studied within the societal and historical framework wit hin which it takes place. (Isbell & Raines, 2013) Creativity is a fragment of the evolving progression via brain development, affective development, which is the thinking procedure, and holistic progress. The practice is affected by the distinctive characteristics that develop from every child. The environment within which the kid resides interacts with specific abilities to create even more distinctions. Consequently, the child has an impact on his surroundings and, in turn, the surroundings affect the kid. The environment contains of individuals, places, objects, along with

Knowledge of the Main Changes that Go With the Divorce Research Paper

Knowledge of the Main Changes that Go With the Divorce - Research Paper Example Ross (1972) argued that parental discernments are a product of both the child's behaviour and the parent's acceptance level. It appears credible that depression influences individual differences between parents in their acceptance for a variety of child behaviours. Clinical symptoms that co-vary with depression, such as distractibility and restlessness, may increase the possibility that single mothers will selectively attend to moderately low-frequency inapt behaviour, forming impressions of her children's alteration that are not acceptable by objective counts of behaviour. Alternately, parental depression and distress may raise attention to moderately high-frequency rebellious behaviours that were not interpreted as worrisome prior to the inception of personal distress. On a behavioural level, changes in perceptions might result in the inconsistent use of ineffective child-management strategies and dictatorial control (e.g., beta commands) at a time when parents seek to bound intera ctions with their children. The net consequence of such dynamics might be the expansion of what Patterson (1982) has termed coercive styles of family interactions. One of the issues linking to the emotional pattern of this kind of family breakdown is that of the divorce process, which shows the way to families living in single-parent households and eventually to the remarriage of one, if not both, parents and the formation of stepfamilies. This process, now believed likely to occur to one marriage in every three, also consequences in one in five children experiencing the divorce of their parents and the succeeding remarriage of at least one of them (conceivably more than once) during childhood.

Developing Creative Thinking in Teachers

Developing Creative Thinking in Teachers Introduction Communication is a dynamic process in which a transmitter transmits information receiver via a channel , in order to produce some effect on the receptor. Effects of transmitter on the receiver are often persuasive in nature because when we communicate the information will be understood as send us. Any information directed intentionally gets the message. This implies the existence of a recipient or acceptor and not just a receiver or collector . Also involved there is a issue, encoder or decoder court. Communication involves reversal of messages within the relationship which unites two entities, even if the messages are of the same order. Man can communicate with animals, with nature, but the most developed, evolved and of course analyzed is communication within groups of people. This implies the existence of natural or cultural structures and techniques that require organization and regulatory guidelines . Communication implies the existence of individual goals linked to other targets individuals or groups and subgroups. In a subgroup can be shaped by objectives, skills, availability and situations that cause structure. Communication within a group involves specific techniques and exercises by: group organization, group members complete interaction , reporting real and creativity of its members. Creativity is regarded as a property of the human psychic system. It is a particular dimension of personality dimension interacting many factors such as mental ( intellectual, affective, motivational, volitional, skills, attitudes), the nature of social (socio cultural, educational) and biological. This interaction gives deep complex phenomenon that is fully justified that domain experts could not reach a universally accepted definition. Most definitions of creativity subsumed visions characterized by addressing the concept of aptitude or ability to produce something new, the process to produce new or problem solving. Therefore, the literature is taken as a reference framework or personality variables or creative process or product of the act of creation itself. Modern research on creativity was born in America on her motivation is pragmatic one, namely the lack of personalities creative . The explosion was triggered studies in the field of Guilford s speech at the meeting of the American Psychological Association in 1950. This speech occur in the same year in an article that warned neglect this problem in scientific research. Guilford posted a three-dimensional model of the structure of intellect which opens early emancipation creativity from under oppressive intelligence. In his model, Guilford distinguish between convergent thinking and divergent thinking. Convergent thinking, confronted with a problem, always seek to deduct the fair way to solve them and also to obtain the unique solution : this is the kind of thought checked using conventional tests of intelligence. Divergent thinking rather seek more opportunities for settlement and this method brand new usage given state of knowledge. Guilford revealed three groups of factors involve d in creation : mobility, flexibility and elaboration. In the 1980s , creativity becomes a favorite theme applied psychology studies. A proof of the importance given to this area in the social context of those years is organizing exhibitions dedicated to creativity. This exhibition marks the time of revival of experimental studies in the psychology of creativity and the emergence of a new model and a new methodology, namely the type cognitivist. Lately studies on creativity have expanded the reference. Research revealed relationship between creative thinking and critical thinking and the role of variables such as personal style. Moreover the question of creative potential (which has varying degrees each person) and the importance of stimulation and its development. Content Creativity is a specifically human phenomenon. Most experts agree that creative potential is present in each individual, it is possible to transform it from virtuality to reality (active under the influence of an environment favorable) that stimulate and develop their creative potential. On this idea, saying that P.P. Neveanu human potential and therefore the creative is not a given size permanently. It can be stimulated by a complex socio-educational approach and organized, including simultaneous activation phenomena, training, cultivation and development through creative virtues update by passing them through effective assertion of possible real. We must not forget the distinction between creative potential (the potential latent ) and creativity (the actual act), and the distinction made by Aristotle. Otherwise we could draw hasty conclusion that as long as the premise of the original product creativity is only the privilege of adults, children and even adolescents do not possess creative potential. In fact, he still performs acts of originality, but it does mean that it has the potential. In addition, it was found that there is a specific creative potential by age, it should not be considered the childs potential by adult achievements. Complexity creativity requires the participation of a large number of factors, different in nature. May be noted, however, two types of factors: Objective factors (represented by economic and social conditions necessary for cultural climate) ; Subjective factors (represented by intellectuals factors, skills, attitudes, motivation and willpower ). Factors considered indispensable in the creative process are: flexibility, fluidity and originality. Fluidity is the richness, ease and rapidity of associations between images and ideas flow verbal fluency, rich ideation. J. Guilford fluidity distinguishes three types : verbal, ideational and expression. It considers that it is important so as quality of ideas speed. Flexibility is the effective restructuring of walking thinking in relation to new situations, the ability to easily operate transfer (perceptive plan in the figural and the conceptual) orientation and thinking ability in many different directions ( Carter ) . Guilford distinguish three types of flexibility :figural, semantic and symbolic. P.P. Neveanu consider originality with central factor in creation, since as the number of responses is greater, increase the chance of an original response. Originality defined by rarity and novelty involves interpretation and personal expression of things, common situations . A. Koestler distinguishes ordinary originality by three criteria :a) the level of consciousness that is driven activity, b ) the type of guidance that trusts subject, c ) the nature of the obstacle to be overcome. F. Barron determined following originality : the independence of the reasoning, complex views, nonconformity, rich perceptual systems, high capacity of generalization, self-confidence, authority. Originality makes the product to be characterized by novelty, singularity, freshness, uniqueness. Another factor influencing creativity is perceptive style, apprehension. This factor cognitive reaction designate how to solve problems. Creativity, both at individual and group level may be limited by a number of obstacles (blockage). Among them, in his opinion A.Cosmovici (1998 , pg 154 ) the most common are: Social jams and conformity , mistrust of fantasy, imagination, or exaggerating the value of logical reasoning and so on; Methodological bottlenecks resulting from the processes of thinking, in this category include :stiffness previous algorithms, functional fixity (using only objects according to their function and rarely recognized for another purpose) and premature criticism. Emotional blockages such as :fear of failing, of not embarrass us, rushing to accept the first idea promoted ; discourage rapid and premature , etc. . All these barriers in the way of creative and innovative attitudes event can be avoided when discussing and analyzing problems to be solved is achieved through genuine effective interpersonal and group work through a positive attitude to each group member to common task and through open communication, uncensored opinions. Such an atmosphere is provided especially when, for creativity group is calling and a number of methods and techniques that create relaxation group, less critical condition favoring free association as ideas promoted in the debate. The most effective means for overcoming inertia and psychological barriers in the process of creation is the joint creation of intuitive techniques. The most common methods are intuitive creation: Brainstorming, synectic, Panel Discussion, Philips 66, 6-3-5 method, Delphi method and method Frisco. Brainstorming, or, brain storming, it is an effective method for generating ideas group being drafted in 1948 by the A. Osborn. It is a creative deliberation with the purpose of generating and aligning a set of ideas that can serve as guidance for solving a problem in question. Basic principles of brainstorming are: Postponement of criticism (evaluation) . Osborn believes that imagination should be allowed first to soar up into the sky, then back on the ground with critical thinking ( Osborn, 1971); The need to develop as many ideas on the principle of transformation of quantity into quality. In addition to these basic principles must be respected and other rules such as encouraging the enunciation and ideas seemingly bizarre , unusual, but the analysis can be very effective, it stimulates combining and improving ideas, formulation of ideas generated so personal thinking and that of other group members. Synectics or free association is the method developed by Gordon WI and consists in combining different elements, apparently uncorrelated with the aim of releasing the constraints in the problem formulated, eliminating negative responses, annealing thinking and thinking out the template for the development of original ideas and viable. 6-3-5 method involves six people who initially formulated by 3 ideas each. Figure 5 shows the number of people who worked the first 3 ideas neighbor. The exchange of ideas is done until 3 ideas first pass by each group member. Finally, centralized management ideas and transmitted. Philips 66 method was developed by Philips and JD is actually a brain storming paticipanÃ…Â £i number is 6, and during the discussion is limited to 6 minutes. There are several groups each consisting of six members, each having a leader who realizes report ideas. Delphi method was developed by O. Helmer and consists in mutual consultation between the participants. We develop a questionnaire on the topic in question to be sent for completion of specialists. When the responses are collected. Subsequently return the questionnaires for completion this time accompanied by unarticulated responses of the other participants. Phasing ideas that deviate from the average, the circuit ending once the stabilizing responses. Frisco method aims to discover, to solve difficult problems, complex ways of solving both simple and effective. Involves the formation of two teams. Investigation team, consisting of 12 to 15 persons examined problem solving and re-imagines the classic methods, analyzes them critically and emphasizes basic difficulties. Actual creative team consisting of 5-6 experts, receiving checklist first team, trying to find solutions to enrich new or even existing ones. Lately, experts have focused on developing a program to promote the work of new ways of learning and thinking styles designed to contribute to the foundation for effective learning, sustainable and constructive. Its about promoting methods of developing students critical thinking designed to help them, through the confrontation of ideas through collaboration and cooperation to find appropriate solutions to resolve data issues. This educational program was initiated by Jeannie Steele and Kurtis Meredith in 1995 and today, through the Foundation Open Society based in New York, he is promoted in many countries of the world. In our country, one of the teachers trainers on effective learning strategies and promoting creative thinking in working with pupils and students, Ion. Dumitru, he published The development of critical thinking and effective learning ( West Publishing House, Timisoara, 2000) we present, in summary, the main features of these methods. Firstly it should be noted that, in terms of this concept, critical thinking is not to have a negative position, unrealistic, inefficient but rather critical thinking is a way to address and solve problems constructively, with the purpose of grounding and foundation opinions , rational argumentation their acceptance of their knowledge. It involves : formulation of each pupil / student of his own mind, personal, original possibly related to an issue responsible debate ideas and advanced solutions for each individual individually or as a result of group work, manifesting a high degree of flexibility, tolerance and respect for the ideas of others and thus acceptance of diversity of opinions and ideas and asking questions like what if?, what would happen when? etc. to encourage exploration of phenomena from multiple perspectives, even when some of them are only possible or probable etc . These features of critical thinking and methods used for its development a very close group creativity peculiarities and methods used for its stimulation. Thus, the main methods of developing critical thinking include: a) Think / Pair / Communicate . Based on a question from the teacher, students develop their answers individually, then in pairs to communicate to each other the answers, to listen and try to finally reach a consensus or a new response, improved following discussions; b) the cube method. Helps students to study a theme, a concept from different perspectives , it involves using a cube (real or imagined ) that has different instructions written on each side of it, as follows: Describe, Compare, Associate, Analyze, Apply, Argues. The teacher asks students to write about a particular concept or a theme through all six sides of the cube. It is preferable to follow the order presented because it leads students gradually to complex thinking. c) Technique cluster. It is a technique of teaching and learning that encourages students to think freely and openly, to highlight the various connections between ideas or to build new associations between them. Technology cluster may be used individually, but used group enables each student to become acquainted with the ideas of others, links and associations between them made by his colleagues. d) joint investigation and discussion network. It is a learning technique based on group work, activity guided by one or more questions asked by the teacher, admitting different answers, the result of choices based on arguments. This method involves: reading by students individually, text that contains ideas likely different interpretations, grouping students into pairs and their collaboration to answer one or more questions asked by the teacher to the whole class setting a discussion networks between the advocates of a position to produce the necessary arguments and counter counter-arguments supporting it. In work -based training group investigation and discussion network, several requirements must be met: encouraging participation of all group members in discussions to achieve joint investigation and summarizing the arguments of the group with the agreement of all participants, focusing on the â€Å"dismantling adverse position and arguments not personal attack. Such a method of training helps the students acquire some skills and abilities related to: receptivity to arguments offered in support of their beliefs, the ability to make assumptions about the beliefs and the beliefs of others, the ability of everyone to express open and disagreement in a problem free, creative ability as evidenced by the construction of original cognitive approaches, but also strongly motivated etc. Conclusions This brief overview of some of the methods and techniques for developing creative thinking by teachers in the activities with groups of pupils/students is able to provide just one example of their concern for creating adequate conditions to achieve effective learning, and to enhance their creative and innovative capacity. Communication is the tool by which the teacher stimulates the creativity of pupils/students and also the way they externalize their creative potential. Creation itself is the result of symbiosis of communication between teacher and student. Therefore the act of learning focus should be not on the reproduction of information transmitted, but the creation of new ideas that reflect each students personal touch. Therefore, obedience school groups and generally any grouping of scientific research conducted from the perspective of the psychology of new acquisitions can provide teachers and other professionals effective ways of optimizing the activity. These methods and techniques of research in psycho-sociology of human groups are meant to decipher various ways of investigating social groups, structures and processes that arise within it.

A Separate Peace :: essays papers

A Separate Peace2 Breaking The Mold In John Knowle’s, A Separate Peace, there is a transformation in all the key elements in the book, from the rivers to the tree to the seasons to the characters. The transformation is specifically seen in Leper, Gene, and Phineas. These three young men experience a change not just because of the transitions through adolescence. These changes also come about because of the war, the school, and an injury. Leper Lepellier is a very odd young man. He is quiet and is finds himself always taken by surprise. He really is not popular and that does not concern him in any way. Leper really has no true friends at the Devon school, but talks to Gene. He entertains himself by collecting snails, looking for beaver damns, and skiing. His personality does not allow him to depend on anyone for help. As time progresses and the other boys start the winter session he decides to enroll in the war. A couple of months later Gene receives a telegram from Leper saying he is in his â€Å"Christmas location† This is the first sign that Leper demonstrates that he needs people. He realizes the happiness, fear and anger have to be shared with others. Leper then tells Gene â€Å"I escaped† and he says he did it to please himself. He is starting to realize things that are going on in the world. He no longer lives in his bubble. Gene Forrester is a quiet, envious, introverted, and lonely young man. His insecurities are especially seen when Finny is around. There is a constant rivalry through Gene’s eyes between them. He always chooses to compete or argue with Phineas. The first example of his competitive personality is seen when Phineas asks him to jump out of the tree. Phineas says, â€Å"you were very good, once I shamed you into it. .. I am good for you that way. You have a tendency to back away from things otherwise.† and Gene states â€Å"you didn’t shame anybody into anything. I never backed away from anything in my life.† Gene would have never jumped off the tree if it were not for Finny. Gene depends on Finny as his security blanket. As time progresses the rivalry increases and the tension in Gene’s head is gets worse. When Gene can not take anymore of Finny and his abilities his jealousy takes control and he jounces the limb. A Separate Peace :: essays papers A Separate Peace2 Breaking The Mold In John Knowle’s, A Separate Peace, there is a transformation in all the key elements in the book, from the rivers to the tree to the seasons to the characters. The transformation is specifically seen in Leper, Gene, and Phineas. These three young men experience a change not just because of the transitions through adolescence. These changes also come about because of the war, the school, and an injury. Leper Lepellier is a very odd young man. He is quiet and is finds himself always taken by surprise. He really is not popular and that does not concern him in any way. Leper really has no true friends at the Devon school, but talks to Gene. He entertains himself by collecting snails, looking for beaver damns, and skiing. His personality does not allow him to depend on anyone for help. As time progresses and the other boys start the winter session he decides to enroll in the war. A couple of months later Gene receives a telegram from Leper saying he is in his â€Å"Christmas location† This is the first sign that Leper demonstrates that he needs people. He realizes the happiness, fear and anger have to be shared with others. Leper then tells Gene â€Å"I escaped† and he says he did it to please himself. He is starting to realize things that are going on in the world. He no longer lives in his bubble. Gene Forrester is a quiet, envious, introverted, and lonely young man. His insecurities are especially seen when Finny is around. There is a constant rivalry through Gene’s eyes between them. He always chooses to compete or argue with Phineas. The first example of his competitive personality is seen when Phineas asks him to jump out of the tree. Phineas says, â€Å"you were very good, once I shamed you into it. .. I am good for you that way. You have a tendency to back away from things otherwise.† and Gene states â€Å"you didn’t shame anybody into anything. I never backed away from anything in my life.† Gene would have never jumped off the tree if it were not for Finny. Gene depends on Finny as his security blanket. As time progresses the rivalry increases and the tension in Gene’s head is gets worse. When Gene can not take anymore of Finny and his abilities his jealousy takes control and he jounces the limb.

The Demand of Samsung

I. The demand for smartphones worldwide. – The worldwide mobile phone market grew 1. 9% year over year in the fourth quarter of 2012 (4Q12), as the number of smartphone sales raised to levels nearly equal to those of other phones. 219. 4 million units in 4Q12, which represents 45. 5% of all mobile phone shipments, the highest percentage ever. On an annual basis, 712. 6 million smartphones were shipped globally in 2012, which was 44. 1% more than in 2011. Top Five Smartphone Vendors, Shipments, and Market Share Calendar Year 2012 (Units in Millions) Vendor2012 Unit Shipments2012 Market Share2011 Unit Shipments2011 Market ShareYear over Year Change 1. Samsung215. 830. 3%94. 219. 0%129. 1% 2. Apple135. 919. 1%93. 118. 8%46. 9% 3. Nokia35. 14. 9%77. 315. 6%-54. 6% 4. HTC32. 64. 6%43. 68. 8%-25. 2% 5. Research In Motion32. 54. 6%51. 110. 3%-36. 4% Others260. 736. 5%135. 327. 5%92. 7% Total712. 100. 0%494. 6100. 0%44. 1% Source: IDC Worldwide Mobile Phone Tracker, January 24, 2013 - The huge demand from all over the world -> the need for expanding the production facilities as well as the employees. II. Production plan -Over the world,Samsung has plants in 5 countries: China,Korea,Brazil,India and Viet Nam. – The Vietnam unit of the company has started construction on the plant in Yen Binh Industrial Park in Thai Nguyen province.Operation of the plant, which will mainly produce mobile phones, is expected to start from the end of the year, and production is projected to be boosted since 2014 to hit 120 million units by 2015. -Together with the current plant in Bac Ninh Industrial Area in Vietnam, the completion of the new plant will lift production capacity of Samsung's Vietnam unit to 240 million by 2015, accounting over half of Samsung's total projected capacity. Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung (2nd, R), leaders of Samsung and guests press the button to start work on the hi-tech complex of Samsung in Thai Nguyen >The locations of the factories have major effects on the firm’s performance as establishing factories in these countries helps reduce the cost of renting space as well as the labor cost than in other countries due to the fact that they are big countries with a high population. ->helps increase the revenue of the firm. -The more factories they build, the more benefits they gain because according to economies of scale, the average cost per unit produced declines as the firm produces more units as the facilities stay the same. ->helps sell more products-> more profit.

Analyzing Gender Roles in Billy Elliot Essay

During his first visit to The Bahamas and representing the Queen abroad for the Diamond Jubilee, Prince Harry addressed crowds of dignitaries and admirers in the capital, Nassau. The Island-hopping Prince Harry continues his 10-day Diamond Jubilee tour through the Caribbean in Jamaica this week after stops in Belize and the Bahamas over the weekend in honor of the Queen’s 60thyear on the throne. Proving to be a skilled diplomat with the common touch that characterized his late mother Princess Diana, Harry favored solo interviews with the local press and spent a great deal of time with the everyday people of the former British Honduras. The prince laid a wreath for British soldiers at Price Barracks in Belize City before departing the English-speaking Central American nation for the Bahamas. The young royal caused quite a stir in Nassau Sunday when he appeared in public for the first time ever in his crisp white ceremonial uniform, also known as the No. 1 Tropical Dress of the Blues and Royals. His uniform was punctuated with the first public reveal of the Diamond Jubilee medal. Throngs of fans lined the streets as Harry made his way to the Christ Church Cathedral to meet and greet. Though he mingled with several dignitaries in his special outfit, his encounter with Miss Bahamas, Anastagia Pierre, got tabloids buzzing. â€Å"I’m here to fall in love with Harry,† Pierre told reporters on Sunday. â€Å"He’s hot! He is single now so I would marry him, yes. † Harry brushed the comments aside and he seemed to truly enjoy himself in the Bahamas. In a speech he delivered a message from the Queen to the people of the Bahamas. Video1 Harry called at Government House in Nassau to pay his respects to the Governor General of the Bahamas and other members of the cabinet. The iconic pink-painted house is where his late great-great uncle the Duke of Windsor lived during the Second World War in his role as Governor General of the region. 3 Earlier in the day, Harry was meant to join the crew of a Royal Bahamian Defense Force patrol boat on a naval exercise but had to move to a media boat after the military vessel broke down. He eventually landed on tiny Harbor Island where he was greeted by crowds of tourists and locals. Harry will continue his Diamond Jubilee tour with a stop in Jamaica beginning Monday and end in Brazil where he will help launch a government trade mission in Rio.

Cisco Case Study Essay Example

Cisco Case Study Essay Example Cisco Case Study Essay Cisco Case Study Essay Cisco Systems is an industry leader in web engineering. Their primary concern is engineering that is used to enable communicating with people all over the universe with multiple maps. Whether it be email. voice picture or general applications these service are transported over Cisco Networks. The current CEO is John Chambers who has held the place since 1995. This instance survey focuses on his vision and scheme over the past 17 old ages. Cisco is a market leader in networking engineering. Fiscal Information: World Wide Web. Bloomberg. com ( 1 ) Gross saless 2012 Sales/Revenue/Turnover: Entire Operating Revenues. $ 46. 681. 000. 000 Gross Profit $ 28. 558. 000. 00 Net income $ 8. 356. 000. 000 Key Milestones in Cisco’s History ( 2 ) 1997 All in One: Data/Voice/Video 2000 Network of Networks 2006 Network as Platform 2008-Current Collaboration/ Web 2. 0 SWOT ANALYSIS Cisco’s’ internal strengths are its people. They have a built a corporation with over 70. 000 employees. 1/3 of those are Engineering people who develop Cisco’s solutions. ( 2 ) . These solutions come from internal design or from acquisitions. There failing is the size of the corporation compared to when they were in at that place early yearss. They challenges accommodating to client demands at the rapid gait the engineering industry alterations. The chances have come with the usage of acquisitions. When they want to add a piece of engineering to their portfolio they at times bypass the development procedure and get a company with the needful expertness. The major menaces to the concern are the figure of employees who leave and go to rivals. Many of Cisco’s rivals are run by former Cisco employees. See Juniper. com ( 7 ) ANALYSIS VIA PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL Analyze the competitory environment by naming the menace of new entrants. the dickering power of purchasers. the dickering power of providers. the menace of replacement merchandises and services. and the strength of competition among rivals in the industry ( Chapter 2 ) . Sum up your cardinal points in a Figure. ( 25 points ) Cisco’s’ menace of new entrants is limited due to Cisco’s market cap on web Switch overing: Modular/Fixed ( 2 ) . They presently hold a 69 % market cap Sue to their design and physique of these devices. Their rivals have copied and duplicated these merchandises and there are merely handful that compete. The bargaining power as a purchaser based on thre volume allows them to maintain fabrication costs low. There providers in bend have strong bargaining power with their Si and bit industries. New Chipsets are developed quickly and providers can derive a competitory advantage over the makers. The menace of replacement merchandises is a common subject with Cisco. An illustration was a Chinese company stole Cisco’s design and started bring forthing reproduction hardware. Old ages of judicial proceeding was subsequently settled nevertheless the cost to make so was a major impact. ( 3 ) This caused an intense competition with its rival 3Com who partnered with the Chinese company ( 4 ) . The other issue with its rivals is its talent pool. Many of Cisco’s applied scientists leave for rival with hopes of making the following coevals of engineering. Scheme USED Cisco’s competitory advantage in the exchanging market has led them into being market leaders in other sectors. Having the market portion of the nucleus web as the base bed of Infrastructure allows them to see the demand of its clients. These sectors have all been prayers that utilize the Cisco nucleus networking merchandises that today has brought them an industry market portion in the undermentioned country. The nucleus scheme used is at that place overall cost leading to make this competitory advantage Performance Market portion per sector Security 31 % Digital Video: IPTV-64 % Switch overing: Modular/Fixed- 69 % Voice-37 % Radio: LAN-54 % Storage: Area Networks-44 % Routing: Edge/Core/Access-53 % Networked Home-23 % Web Conferencing-38 % ( 2 ) One nucleus scheme they used in the country of distinction was the debut of Voice over the web. Voice is a bequest engineering created over 100 old ages ago and up until late was run with the same original design constructs. Cisco changed that system purchase running voice over the IP web. Today VOIP phone systems are a criterion and the original POTS ( plain old pots lines ) are now considered bequest. They used acquisitions to purchase phone suppliers and interrupt down at that place core fundamental and bring forth them on IP webs. . leting today the usage of voice over your Personal computer Email Text. They were really successful in this infinite nevertheless non all companies can utilize this scheme for this peculiar engineering. There install base is so strong the market is saturated and would non be cost effectual. This scheme nevertheless is now in the adulthood phase of the industry life rhythm. They contain 69 % of the voice market and they are continued to turn. The nucleus installings will finally worsen nevertheless the service to keep the phones systems will go on to stay in the adulthood phase. Cisco’s scheme is based on catching market transitions- the market passages that affect our clients. With the proliferation of picture and collaborative Web 2. 0 engineerings. the web continues to germinate from the plumbing of the Internet- providing connectivity- to the platform that will alter the manner we work. unrecorded. drama and learn. ? John Chambers. Chairman and CEO. Cisco THE ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACING THIS COMPANY Cisco’s’ competitory advantage in some sectors can be maintained. The overall advancement should go on nevertheless weaker sectors where they have lost focal point on rich person declined. In the illustration of the place Networked sector they maintain a low 23 % market portion. This has non been inline what the projections were when they entered these markets. Recently they have announced they are traveling off from the place based market with a sale of their Linksys lien to Belkin ( 5 ) I believe the companies’ competitory advantage can be maintained if they focus on countries where they have control on market portion. Sheding unprofitable concern such as Linksys is a measure in the right way. This merchandise is clearly on the diminution side and Cisco should concentrate on growing countries such as storage country webs. The companies’ civilization is altering from when they were a smaller endeavor they were able to steer with market demands more rapidly. The ferocious competition in the place market was one of the company jobs. I believe that they are an enterprises corporation supplier of services and do non understand the demands of place based users. COURSE OF ACTION RECOMMENDED I would rede Cisco to concentrate on server storage sectors. They are non a market leader in waiters such as HP but have new merchandises that are altering the manner we companies utilize waiters. This is a distinction scheme that will alter the industry if done right. They created a practical waiter solution called UCS that if markets right could accomplish future growing in the waiter storage sector. ( 6 ) I would utilize my market power and client to establish to supply these solutions at a low cost and this will expose a wide client base to the merchandise Opinion What do you believe of this instance analyze? Describe what you believe are the lessons learned from this instance. ( 10 points ) I think this instance survey showed me new constructs in strategic direction. By analyzing Cisco’s market laterality based on 46 billion in grosss I now understand that holding a competitory advantage must be maintained. Sing Cisco now go forthing markets is a new way for them and these constructs have brought me to understand that. Mentions When you have completed the paper utilizing the above subdivisions. infix a page interruption and have a separate mentions page. The mentions should be listed in conformity with the APA guidelines as shown in the tutorial. ( 5 points ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bloomberg. com/quote/CSCO: AR ( 1 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //newsroom. lake herring. com/documents/10157/0/Corporate+Overview+-+Q2FY12. pdf ( 2 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. theregister. co. uk/2004/07/29/cisco_huawei_case_ends/ ( 3 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. theregister. co. uk/2003/07/09/3com_welcome_to_join_ciscohuawei/ ( 4 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. dailytech. com/Belkin+Plans+to+Purchase+Ciscos+Linksys+Home+Networking+Business+Unit/article29747. htm ( 5 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. lake herring. com/assets/global/europe/powerofu/ucs_vs_hp_deployment. pdf ( 6 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Juniper_Networks ( 7 )